Though it only weighed around 3,700 pounds, it could take down an Iguanodon with ease, and good thing, because that was its food of choice. The layers there are currently considered part of the Taynton Limestone Formation, dating to the mid-Bathonian stage of the Jurassic Period. He also found a third prehistoric behemoth, the heavily-armoured Hylaeosaurus, which he officially named in 1833. - All Questions & Answers Here will be listed all of the questions and answers within the game. Brookes was the very first person to apply a valid name to an extinct dinosaur. With their warm blood and highly energetic lifestyles, birds are clearly different from "classic" reptiles, which are cold-blooded and can be sluggish. He therefore at first concluded it to be the thighbone of a Roman war elephant and later that of a giant human, such as those mentioned in the Bible. The great eighteenth-century taxonomist Carl Linnaeus changed all that by introducing a binomial naming scheme, which we still use today. and added to the collection of the Anatomy School of Christ Church college. Subsequently, over fifty other species would be classified under the genus, originally because dinosaurs were not well known, but even during the 20th century after many dinosaurs had been discovered. On Owen's directions a model was made as one of the Crystal Palace Dinosaurs, which greatly increased the public interest for prehistoric reptiles. [48] Today, it is considered a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda,[49] the specimen having in 1944 been destroyed by a bombardment. In: Oxford University Museum of Natural History, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, British Association for the Advancement of Science, exhibition of prehistoric animals at the Crystal Palace Park, "The Natural History of Oxford-shire, Being an Essay Toward the Natural History of England", "Robert Plot: A brief biography of this important geologists life and work", "Outlines of Oryctology. [47] The name at first remained a nomen nudum, but a description was provided, in 1870, by Gustave Lennier. That year a publication failed to occur, but the physician James Parkinson already in 1822 announced the name Megalosaurus, illustrating one of the teeth and revealing the creature was forty feet long and eight feet high. [39], In the late 20th century the new method of cladistics allowed for the first time to exactly calculate how closely various taxa were related to each other. Unfortunately, very few of those animals are really distinct enough to justify so many distinct names. The front dorsals perhaps have a pleurocoel above the diapophysis, the lower rib joint process. The dinosaurs had arrived. (Note: The dinosaurs outlined on this page don't include the Tyrannosaur Neither did Triceratops, Brachiosaurus, Velociraptor or Stegosaurus. In 1842, Megalosaurus was one of three genera on which Richard Owen based his Dinosauria. Megalosaurus was thus one of the three original dinosaurs. "I see no ground for associating these two orders in one group." Buckland also studied a lower jaw, according to Gunther the one bought by Pegge. Megalosaurus was about 6 metres (20ft), weighing about 700 kilograms (1,500lb). The discovered skull elements are generally rather large in relation to the rest of the material. The rear blade is roughly rectangular. [74] This is today seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda. It was clearly bipedal. The tail vertebrae are slightly amphicoelous, with hollow centrum facets on both the front and rear side. Worse was to come for Owen. [55] In 1932, this was made a separate genus Betasuchus by Friedrich von Huene. Buckland identified the organism as being a giant animal belonging to the Sauria the Lizards, at the time seen as including the crocodiles and he placed it in the new genus Megalosaurus, repeating an estimate by Cuvier that the largest pieces he described, indicated an animal twelve metres long in life.[12]. However, as it is formally impossible to change a named species into an unnamed one, George Olshevsky in 1991 used the new combination Megalosaurus schmidti. [67] In the same publication Nopcsa renamed Poekilopleuron valens Leidy 1870 into Megalosaurus valens; this probably represents fossil material of Allosaurus. It was realising something that Mantell and other geologists and anatomists had not: that Megalosaurus, Iguanodon and Hylaeosaurus shared never-before-seen anatomical features in common. But it has been largely forgotten. [32] The lack of an articulated dorsal vertebral series makes it difficult to determine an exact size. At the upper inner side of this groove a rough area is present continuing inwards into a longitudinal ridge, a typical megalosauroid trait. There is a boss present on the lower outer side of the ischium shaft with a rough surface. Even so, when Plot came across a fossil that looked uncannily like a fragment from an unusually large thigh bone, he had to admit that it probably once belonged to an animal. For about an eighth of its length the front lower end of the shaft is covered by a vertical branch of the astragalus. "It is embedded in really, really hard sandstone that is almost impossible to remove without damaging the bones," says Barrett. They have secondary joint processes, forming a hyposphenehypantrum complex, the hyposphene having a triangular transverse cross-section. They have excavations at their sides and a longitudinal groove on the underside. [56] In 1925, Depret, based on two teeth from Algeria, named Megalosaurus saharicus. The Eoraptor, shown above, was one of the earliest dinosaurs. [52] In 1998, Peter Malcolm Galton renamed Zanclodon cambrensis Newton 1899, based on a left lower jaw, specimen BGS 6532 found at Bridgend, into?Megalosaurus cambrensis because it was not a basal sauropodomorph. But the dinosaurs they described and named haven't fared as well. [64] In 1955 this was made a separate genus Majungasaurus. The shaft eventually ends in a sizeable "foot" with a convex lower profile. But he didn't. The predatory Scrotum will never grace the pages of an officially endorsed book of dinosaurs. View image of Richard Owen was an expert in animal anatomy (Credit: Natural History Museum, London/SPL), View image of The Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, UK (Credit: Robert Convery/Alamy), View image of Britain's southern coast is rich in fossils (Credit: Trigger Image/Alamy), View image of "Dippy" the Diplodocus, in London's Natural History Museum (Credit: Bjanka Kadic/Alamy), Many more early British naturalists also found and puzzled over fossils we would now identify as dinosaurs, View image of The dinosaur bone Richard Brookes named "Scrotum humanum" (Credit: Paul D. Stewart/SPL), international committee that advises on scientific names, View image of The Megalosaurus jaw studied by William Buckland (Credit: Paul D. Stewart/SPL), studied the fossil remains of a gigantic partial skeleton that had been unearthed in Oxfordshire, he was the man primarily responsible for discovering the dinosaurs, View image of The fossil of Hylaeosaurus described by Gideon Mantell (Credit: Paul D. Stewart/SPL), View image of The model dinosaurs in Crystal Palace Park, London (Credit: Martin Bond/SPL), View image of Gideon Mantell described several dinosaur species (Credit: Paul D. Stewart/SPL), View image of An artist's impression of a Scelidosaurus (Credit: Richard Bizley/SPL), dinosaurs fell into two great groups, largely defined by differences in the pelvis, View image of The complete skeleton of an Iguanodon (Credit: Dorling Kindersley/UIG/SPL), All dinosaurs shared a common ancestor after all, View image of William Buckland was the first person to describe a dinosaur (Credit: Sheila Terry/SPL), View image of A model of a Megalosaurus (Credit: David Davis/SPL), View image of Adult Iguanodon with three youngsters (artist's impression) (Credit: Richard Bizley/SPL), View image of Scelidosaurus was an early armoured dinosaur (Credit: Natural History Museum, London/SPL), one of the most "primitive" members of the group. Only a few Hylaeosaurus fossils have been found since Mantell's day. More recently, though, evolutionary studies have failed to pinpoint its exact position in the dinosaur family tree. [52] In 1988, Gregory S. Paul renamed Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen 1979 into Megalosaurus tanneri. Being a carnivore, its large elongated head bore long dagger-like teeth to slice the flesh of its prey. [58] In 1885, Joseph Henri Ferdinand Douvill renamed Dakosaurus gracilis Quenstedt 1885 into Megalosaurus gracilis. [50] Today, this is either referred to Amanzia, Ceratosaurus or seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Ceratosauria. The greater trochanter is relatively wide and separated from the robust lesser trochanter in front of it, by a fissure. Names like Homo sapiens and Tyrannosaurus rex all follow his system. A year later, in 1827, Gideon Mantell included Megalosaurus in his geological survey of southeastern England, and assigned the species its current valid binomial name, Megalosaurus bucklandii. It was bipedal, the horizontal torso being balanced by a long horizontal tail. [52] In 1881, Harry Govier Seeley named two possible theropod teeth found in Austria Megalosaurus pannoniensis. Most of this dinosaur prehistory also occurred in Britain. However, this had been based on the remains present at Oxford. [90] It is a nomen dubium based on the tooth of some indeterminate predatory Triassic archosaur, found in Silesia, perhaps a theropod. The Jurassic Period is the second of the three periods of the Mesozoic Era. Palaeontologists now suspect that it belonged to a large predatory dinosaur. Just as this argument was playing out, the British fossil record revealed a real treasure: the first essentially complete and fully articulated dinosaur skeleton. That Brookes understood that the stone did not actually represent a pair of petrified testicles was irrelevant. They weren't simply unusually large land-living reptiles. [33] Gregory S. Paul in 1988 estimated the weight tentatively at 1.1 tonnes, given a thighbone seventy-six centimetres long. (2012). "We got up to about 19 names, an impressive amount of biodiversity," says Norman. [81] In 1956 von Huene by mistake named the same species as Megalosaurus africanus, intending to base it on remains from Morocco but referring the Algerian teeth;[82] this implies that M. africanus is a junior objective synonym of M. saharicus. saw it as an indeterminate member of the Tetanurae. [73] In 1909, Richard Lydekker named Megalosaurus woodwardi, based on a maxilla with tooth, specimen BMNH 41352. [4], It has also been argued that this possible Megalosaurus bone was given the very first species name ever applied to an extinct dinosaur. It was found in the centre of London: to be precise, at 15 Aldersgate Street, a few hundred metres north of St Paul's Cathedral. [56], In 1882, Henri-mile Sauvage named remains found at Louppy-le-Chteau, teeth and vertebrae from the Early Cretaceous, Megalosaurus superbus, "the proud one". The undersides of the sacral vertebrae are rounded but the second sacral is keeled; normally it is the third or fourth sacral having a ridge. The cutting edges bear eighteen to twenty denticula per centimetre. In the years that followed, Mantell would add to his growing reputation by discovering and describing more Iguanodon bones. For over 170 million years they dominated the land, from small creatures just a few feet long to some of the largest animals ever to have walked Earth. At the front base of the lesser trochanter a low accessory trochanter is present. [49] M. ingens is now seen as a specimen of Torvosaurus. Sir Thomas Pennyson gave the fragment to Robert Plot, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford and first curator of the Ashmolean Museum, who published a description and illustration in his Natural History of Oxfordshire in 1676. But Torrens, and some other modern writers, beg to differ. But it was only in the early 19th century that they began edging towards an understanding of what dinosaurs really were. [36] The second species was Megalosaurus tibetensis. [46] In 1903, Louis Dollo named Megalosaurus lonzeensis based on a manual claw found near Lonzee in Belgium. [4][12] Megalosaurus was the first non-avian dinosaur genus named; the first of which the remains had with certainty been scientifically described was Streptospondylus, in 1808 by Cuvier. The neck ribs are short. [20][21] The models at the exhibition created a general public awareness for the first time, at least in England, that ancient reptiles had existed. According to Halstead, Brookes thus had deliberately used binomial nomenclature, and had in fact indicated the possible type specimen of a new biological genus. He called them dinosaurs. [98] This is a nomen dubium, a possible member of the Abelisauridae. Happily or not, depending on your point of view they were successful. As far as we know, Tyrannosaurus rex never stalked its prey through what is now the United Kingdom. [56] Its type specimen is differing from the earlier Megalosaurus woodwardi (Lydekker, 1909), the two names are not synonyms. Owen described the beast in 1859 and named it Scelidosaurus. In the printed version of the lecture published in 1842, Owen united the three reptiles into a separate group: the Dinosauria. The number of dentary teeth was probably thirteen or fourteen, though the preserved damaged specimens show at most eleven tooth sockets. After all, he argued, "Goliath for certain was nine foot nine inches high". Such a level of pneumatisation of the jugal is not known from other megalosaurids and might represent a separate autapomorphy. In 1954 Samuel Welles named Megalosaurus wetherilli. [20] In 2010, Benson pointed out that the fragment was basically indistinguishable from other known M. bucklandii maxillae, to which it had in fact not been compared by the other authors. In particular, many scientists did not accept that fossils are the petrified remains of long-dead organisms. [49] In 1970, Rodney Steel named two Megalosaurus species. [29][30] Though the age disparity makes it problematic to assume an identity with Megalosaurus bucklandii, in 2009 Benson could not establish any relevant anatomical differences with M. bucklandii among the remains found at one site, the New Park Quarry, and therefore affirmed the reference to that species. The spines of the five vertebrae of the sacrum form a supraneural plate, fused at the top. Common Rare Untameable Cave The Pachycephalosaurus(pak-ee-SEF-uh-lo-SAWR-us), or simply Pachy, is one of the dinosaurs in ARK: Survival Evolved. At the time, people did not know about dinosaurs, so they thought their discovery, which was some dinosaur teeth, belonged to dragons. These features were seen in all dinosaurs, both bird- and lizard-hipped. In fact, the dinosaurs that have been unearthed in the UK are, by and large, a relatively obscure bunch. [43], During the later nineteenth century, Megalosaurus was seen as the typical carnivorous dinosaur. [24], Traditionally, most texts, following Owen's estimate of 1841, give a body length of thirty feet or nine metres for Megalosaurus. [24], Although the exact numbers are unknown, the vertebral column of Megalosaurus was probably divided into ten neck vertebrae, thirteen dorsal vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae and fifty to sixty tail vertebrae, as is common for basal Tetanurae. Norman is working on the fossil that Owen described in 1859. [22], The presumption that carnivorous dinosaurs, like Megalosaurus, were quadrupeds was first challenged by the find of Compsognathus in 1859. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 07:53. Mantell was actually the first choice to advise on the construction of the Crystal Palace dinosaurs. Megalosaurus was the first dinosaur to be named. In 1997, Windolf renamed Saurocephalus monasterii Mnster 1846, based on a tooth found near Hannover, into Megalosaurus monasterii. The first reconstruction was given by Buckland himself. The year 1842 was probably something of a high-water mark for Owen's encounters with the dinosaurs. [7], During the last part of the eighteenth century, the number of fossils in British collections quickly increased. The three ancient beasts belonged to a brand new group of animals. [4] Measuring 50 feet, Liopleurodon was the biggest aquatic reptile, half the size of the blue whale. [77] It possibly represents a large member of the Carcharodontosauridae; Carrano e.a. There's no doubt that Mantell made a huge contribution to science. [79] The second was Megalosaurus nethercombensis, named after its provenance from Nethercombe and based on two dentaries, leg bones, a pelvis and vertebrae from the Middle Jurassic, which von Huene himself in 1932 made the separate genus Magnosaurus. Today dinosaurs are once more seen as a single group, as Owen first suggested, and the characters now used to define dinosaurs include an updated version of Owen's fused vertebrae observation. Only because their belief is that man and dinosaurs did not live at the same time! Had he accepted, their appearance "might have been much more 'modern'," says Torrens. Not long before work began on the Crystal Palace dinosaurs, Mantell began to suspect that Iguanodon's forelimbs were "less bulky, and adapted for seizing and pulling down foliage and branches of trees". The "bird-hipped" Ornithischians had pelvises like those of modern birds, and included Iguanodon and Stegosaurus. Megalosaurus was, in 1824, the first genus of non-avian dinosaur to be validly named. [49] In 1907/1908, von Huene renamed Streptospondylus cuvieri Owen 1842, based on a presently lost partial vertebra, into Megalosaurus cuvieri. Since Plot's specimen is lost, we can't say with any certainty what species of dinosaur it belonged to. It would be another 60 years before anyone followed Brookes' lead and assigned an official name to another fossil dinosaur-in-waiting. Buckland further studied the remains with his friend William Conybeare who in 1821 referred to them as the "Huge Lizard". It was probably hollowed out by an outgrowth of an air sac in the nasal bone. [52] In 1956, Alfred Sherwood Romer renamed Aggiosaurus nicaeensis Ambayrac 1913, based on a lower jaw found near Nice, on the authority of von Huene into Megalosaurus nicaeensis. [24], In general, Megalosaurus had the typical build of a large theropod. [20] During the 1870s, North American discoveries of large theropods, like Allosaurus, confirmed that they were bipedal. It is likewise seen as a nomen dubium. The vertebra is also otherwise heavily pneumatised, with large pleurocoels, pneumatic excavations, on its sides. A ridge on the upper side of the third metatarsal connected to a groove in the side of the second metatarsal. If this story tells us anything, it's that the palaeontological research that took place in early 19th century Britain didn't simply set the scene for today's dinosaur studies: it continues to influence dinosaur science. Worse, one analysis in 2002 concluded that Buckland's fossils didn't contain any obviously unique features that weren't seen in other, better-known dinosaurs. On the lower outer side of the blade a broad ridge is present, running from just below the shoulder joint to about midlength where it gradually merges with the blade surface. [70] He had first reported this claw in 1883,[71] and as a result some sources by mistake indicate this year as the date of the naming. [58] In 1884/1885, Wilhelm Barnim Dames, based on specimen UM 84, a tooth from the Early Cretaceous, named Megalosaurus dunkeri, the specific name honouring Wilhelm Dunker. US shoppers resumed spending in January, the first increase since September and another sign of growing optimism as President Joe Biden works to win approval for his $1.9 trillion economic stimulus plan. Today it is understood these additional species were not directly related to M. bucklandii, which is the only true Megalosaurus species. The ischium is S-shaped in side view, showing at the transition point between the two curvatures a rough boss on the outer side. Anderson which method, optimised for mammals, tends to underestimate theropod masses by at least a third. He named it Megalosaurus. He saw the absence of Cetiosaurus on the French Armorican Massif as an indication that Megalosaurus too did not live on that island and was limited to the London-Brabant Massif. The bottom of the rear blade is excavated by a narrow but deep trough forming a bony shelf for the attachment of the Musculus caudofemoralis brevis. Owen had discovered that they were something new. The praemaxilla is not known, making it impossible to determine whether the snout profile was curved or rectangular. [19], In 1852, Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins was commissioned to build a life-sized concrete model of Megalosaurus for the exhibition of prehistoric animals at the Crystal Palace Park in Sydenham, where it remains to this day. "The skeleton is revealing new information and may well revise ideas about the early evolution of dinosaurs," he says. Then two came along almost at the same time. Exactly which animal his large thigh bone belonged to must remain a mystery, because the fossil was lost long ago. The first naturalists who investigated Megalosaurus mistook it for a gigantic lizard of 20 metres (66ft) length. They are straight and robust, showing ligament pits at their lower sides. The "lizard-hipped" Saurischians, which included giant sauropods such as Diplodocus, had pelvises like modern lizards. [95] It is a nomen dubium, a possible carcharodontosaurid,[96] or a very large abelisaurid. In the depression around the antorbital fenestra to the front, a smaller non-piercing hollowing can be seen that is probably homologous to the fenestra maxillaris. The interdental plates have smooth inner sides, whereas those of the maxilla are vertically grooved; the same combination is shown by Piatnitzkysaurus. Before that, an English physician called Richard Brookes earned himself a place in the prehistory of dinosaur science. The surangular has no bony shelf, or even ridge, on its outer side. [89] Today it is seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda. The jugal bone is pneumatised, pierced by a large foramen from the direction of the antorbital fenestra. [9] The bones were apparently acquired by William Buckland, Professor of Geology at the University of Oxford and dean of Christ Church. [66], In 1901 Baron Franz Nopcsa renamed Laelaps trihedrodon Cope 1877 into Megalosaurus trihedrodon. [62] It is a chimaera. [24], The lower jaw is rather robust. In the 1990s, two British palaeontologists actually appealed to the international committee that advises on scientific names, to have Scrotum humanum officially scratched from the record. This species is exceptional in being based on a rather complete skeleton, found in Arizona, from the Early Jurassic. In this picture gallery with detailed profiles, you'll meet 80 of the world's largest and meanest theropod dinosaurs, ranging from Abelisaurus to Yangchuanosaurus. Of course, it was a different time then and it was far more normal to let the kids run free. Seen from the same direction its head is perpendicular to the shaft, seen from above it is orientated 20 to the front. [10] It is generally considered the name in 1822 was still a nomen nudum ("naked name"). [46], In 1985, Zhao Xijin named two Megalosaurus species found in Tibet. Dinosaurs are one of the most successful groups of animals to have roamed the planet. The idea of the dinosaurs as a single, scientifically valid group was dead. [20] In the same publication Waldman named Megalosaurus hesperis, "the western one", based on skull fragments from the Middle Jurassic. Buckland did not know to what animal the bones belonged but, in 1818, after the Napoleonic Wars, the French comparative anatomist Georges Cuvier visited Buckland in Oxford and realised that they were those of a giant lizard-like creature. The low vertical ridge on the outer side of the ilium, above the hip joint, shows parallel vertical grooves. [36], Benson in 2010 concluded from its size and common distribution that Megalosaurus was the apex predator of its habitat. [62] The specific name refers to Cambria, the Latin name of Wales. In 1763 he decided to review Plot's work, and he did something that Plot hadn't done. Even taking into account the effects of allometry, heavier animals having relatively stouter bones, Buckland was forced in the printed version of his lecture to estimate the maximum length of Megalosaurus at sixty to seventy feet. [19] In 1850, Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte coined a separate family Megalosauridae with Megalosaurus as the type genus. In 2012, Matthew Carrano et al. [83] This implies that M. lydekkeri is a junior objective synonym of M. woodwardi. (1990). ; & Sampson, S.D. Hawkins worked under the direction of Owen and the statue reflected Owen's ideas that Megalosaurus would have been a mammal-like quadruped. Any name appearing in print on or after 1 January 1758 is considered valid. It is a nomen dubium, possibly an indeterminate member of the Dromaeosauridae or Tyrannosauroidea. [59] In 1923, this was made a separate genus Altispinax. Its front blade is triangular and rather short; at the front end there is a small drooping point, separated by a notch from the pubic peduncle. As a result, the predatory Scrotum will never grace the pages of an officially endorsed book of dinosaurs. Generally, in his mind Megalosaurus resembled a gigantic lizard, but Buckland already understood from the form of the thighbone head that the legs were not so much sprawling as held rather upright. He wrote that the supposed junior synonym Megalosaurus bucklandii should be made a conserved name to ensure its priority. Finally, on 20 February 1824, during the same meeting of the Geological Society of London in which Conybeare described a very complete specimen of Plesiosaurus, Buckland formally announced Megalosaurus. In 1974, Robert Bakker and Peter Galton argued that these features first appeared in the birds' ancestors, the prehistoric dinosaurs. [61] In 1991, this was made a separate genus Valdoraptor. This called Owen's conclusions into question, and threatened his reputation. It was generally a robust and heavily muscled animal. "Many saw numerous independent origins," says Mike Benton of the University of Bristol in the UK. As weve seen, the earliest estimate as to when dinosaurs appeared was around 243 million (243,000,000) years ago. The humerus head continues to the front and the rear into large bosses, together forming a massive bone plate. Megalosaurus still, just about, survives as a valid dinosaur name. It is also straight in top view, without much expansion at the jaw tip, suggesting the lower jaws as a pair, the mandibula, were narrow. As a result, it began to function as a "wastebasket taxon", and many large or small carnivorous dinosaurs from Europe and elsewhere were assigned to the genus. The outer side of the ilium is concave, serving as an attachment surface for the Musculus iliofemoralis, the main thigh muscle. The models, installed in the 1850s, show that Owen saw dinosaurs as stocky four-legged animals a far cry from the swift and dynamic dinosaurs we know of today. They were thought to have been made by Megalosaurus and possibly also some left by Cetiosaurus. This slowly changed during the 20th century, when it became common to restrict the genus to fossils found in the middle Jurassic of England. The coracoid as such is an oval bone plate, with its longest side attached to the scapula. Subsequent research seemed to confirm this hypothesis, and the genus Megalosaurus and species M. bucklandii became generally regarded as limited to the taxon having produced the lectotype, the dentary of the lower jaw. That, however, was a very small animal, the significance of which for gigantic forms could be denied. [52], In 1965, Oskar Kuhn renamed Zanclodon silesiacus Jaekel 1910 into Megalosaurus? Strictly speaking, then, 1842 is when the history of dinosaur science began. [5] In 1970, paleontologist Lambert Beverly Halstead pointed out that the similarity of Scrotum humanum to a modern species name, a so-called Linnaean "binomen" that has two parts, was not a coincidence. This also meant that earlier size estimates had been exaggerated. According to the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), the name Scrotum humanum in principle had priority over Megalosaurus because it was published first. But at some point, Owen noticed a clear similarity between the specimen and one of the Megalosaurus bones that Buckland had described in 1824.
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